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MRA Renal Arteries

What is an MRA of the Renal Arteries?

An MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography) of the renal arteries is a non-invasive imaging test used to visualize the blood vessels supplying the kidneys. It uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and sometimes contrast material to assess the structure and function of the renal arteries.

Why is it Done?

An MRA of the renal arteries is typically performed to evaluate:

  • Renal artery stenosis: Narrowing of the arteries, a common cause of secondary hypertension.
  • Aneurysms: Bulging or weakening of the renal arteries.
  • Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup that can reduce blood flow to the kidneys.
  • Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD): A condition that causes abnormal artery growth, leading to narrowing or blockages.
  • Renal artery thrombosis or embolism: Blood clots or obstructions in the arteries.
  • Kidney transplantation complications: To assess the blood supply to a transplanted kidney.
  • Congenital abnormalities: Structural problems present from birth.

What to Expect

Before the Procedure:

  • Preparation:
    • Fasting may be required for 4–6 hours if contrast material is used.
    • Remove metal objects (jewelry, piercings, or clothing with metal components).
  • Medical History:
    • Inform your doctor if you have metal implants, pacemakers, or other medical devices.
    • Notify your doctor if you are pregnant or have kidney disease (contrast may not be recommended in some cases).

During the Procedure:

  1. Positioning:
    • You will lie on a sliding table that moves into the MRI machine.
    • You may be given earplugs or headphones to block out the loud noises of the machine.
  2. Scanning Without Contrast:
    • Initial images are taken to establish a baseline view of the renal arteries and surrounding structures.
  3. Contrast Injection (if needed):
    • A gadolinium-based contrast agent may be injected through a vein in your arm to enhance blood vessel imaging.
    • You may feel a cool sensation during the injection.
  4. Scanning With Contrast:
    • Additional images will be taken to provide detailed views of the renal arteries and blood flow.
    • You may be asked to hold your breath for short periods to improve image quality.

The entire procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.

After the Procedure:

  • If contrast material was used, drink plenty of fluids to help flush it from your system.
  • Resume normal activities unless otherwise instructed.
  • Rarely, mild side effects (e.g., nausea, rash) may occur from the contrast material; notify your doctor if they persist.

What the Results May Show:

  • Normal Results:
    • Healthy renal arteries with no narrowing, blockages, or abnormalities.
  • Abnormal Results:
    • Renal Artery Stenosis: Narrowing of one or both arteries, which may require medication, angioplasty, or surgery.
    • Aneurysms: Bulging arteries that may require monitoring or repair.
    • Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup reducing blood flow to the kidneys.
    • Fibromuscular Dysplasia: Abnormal artery structure causing narrowing or kinks.
    • Thrombosis or Embolism: Blood clots obstructing blood flow.
    • Congenital Abnormalities: Unusual structure or placement of the renal arteries.

Advantages of Renal MRA:

  • Non-invasive and avoids ionizing radiation (used in CT angiography).
  • Provides detailed images of blood vessels and surrounding tissues.
  • Helps diagnose conditions that may not be visible with ultrasound or traditional MRI.

Your doctor will review the MRA findings alongside your symptoms and medical history to determine the appropriate treatment or further testing if necessary. Early detection and management of renal artery conditions can help prevent complications like kidney damage or uncontrolled hypertension.