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MRI Kidneys with and without contrast

What is an MRI of the Kidneys with and Without Contrast?

An MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) of the kidneys with and without contrast is a diagnostic imaging test that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the kidneys, surrounding structures, and blood vessels. This test helps detect abnormalities, such as tumors, cysts, stones, or issues with blood flow to the kidneys.

  • Without contrast: The initial images are taken without the injection of any contrast material. These provide baseline details of the kidney’s size, shape, and structure.
  • With contrast: After the initial imaging, a gadolinium-based contrast agent is injected into a vein. This enhances visibility of blood vessels and tissue abnormalities, helping to better distinguish between healthy and diseased areas.

Why is it Done?

This MRI may be ordered to evaluate:

  • Kidney masses or tumors (to determine if they are benign or malignant)
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Kidney infections (like pyelonephritis)
  • Kidney stones or obstructions
  • Vascular conditions, such as renal artery stenosis (narrowing of kidney arteries) or thrombosis (blood clots)
  • Kidney damage or scarring from previous diseases
  • Kidney transplant evaluation (pre- or post-operative)

What to Expect

Before the Procedure:

  • Preparation:
    • No special preparation, such as fasting, is usually required unless instructed otherwise.
    • Inform your doctor if you have kidney problems, as the use of gadolinium contrast may not be safe for those with severe kidney disease.
  • Safety Check:
    • Remove all metal objects (jewelry, piercings, or watches).
    • Notify your doctor if you have metal implants, pacemakers, or other devices that could interfere with the MRI.
  • Allergy Check: Let the healthcare provider know if you’ve had any allergic reactions to contrast agents before.

During the Procedure:

  1. Positioning: You’ll lie on a sliding table that moves into the MRI machine. The machine is large and tube-shaped.
  2. Imaging Without Contrast:
    • The first set of images will be taken without contrast.
    • You’ll need to stay still and may hear loud thumping or buzzing noises from the machine.
  3. Contrast Injection:
    • A gadolinium-based contrast agent will be injected into a vein in your arm.
    • You might feel a cool or warm sensation as the contrast enters your bloodstream.
  4. Imaging With Contrast:
    • The second set of images will be captured, highlighting blood flow and areas of abnormal tissue.
  5. Breath-Holding: You may be asked to hold your breath for a few seconds during certain parts of the scan to improve image clarity.

The entire procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes.

After the Procedure:

  • If contrast was used, drink plenty of fluids to help flush it out of your system.
  • Most people can resume normal activities immediately unless otherwise advised by their doctor.
  • Contact your doctor if you experience unusual symptoms, such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing, after the contrast injection.

What the Results May Show:

  • Normal Results: Healthy kidney size, shape, structure, and blood flow.
  • Abnormal Results:
    • Tumors or cysts
    • Kidney stones or blockages in the urinary tract
    • Infections or abscesses
    • Vascular issues, such as renal artery stenosis or thrombosis
    • Scarring or damage from chronic conditions
    • Congenital abnormalities or structural defects

Your healthcare provider will review the results with you and suggest next steps based on the findings.