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MRA Mesenteric Arteries

What is an MRA of the Mesenteric Arteries?

An MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography) of the mesenteric arteries is a non-invasive imaging test that provides detailed images of the blood vessels supplying the intestines (mesenteric arteries). It uses magnetic fields, radio waves, and sometimes contrast material to assess the structure and function of these arteries.

The mesenteric arteries include:

  • Superior mesenteric artery (SMA): Supplies the small intestine and part of the colon.
  • Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA): Supplies the lower portion of the colon.

Why is it Done?

An MRA of the mesenteric arteries is typically performed to evaluate:

  • Mesenteric ischemia: Reduced blood flow to the intestines, often caused by blockages or narrowing.
  • Aneurysms: Bulging or weakening of the artery walls.
  • Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup causing artery narrowing or blockages.
  • Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels.
  • Blood clots: Thrombosis or embolism obstructing blood flow.
  • Congenital abnormalities: Structural issues present at birth.

What to Expect

Before the Procedure:

  • Preparation:
    • Fasting may be required for 4–6 hours if contrast material will be used.
    • Remove all metal objects (jewelry, watches, or clothing with metal parts).
  • Medical History:
    • Inform your doctor if you have metal implants, pacemakers, or other medical devices.
    • Notify your doctor if you are pregnant or have kidney problems (if contrast material is needed).

During the Procedure:

  1. Positioning:
    • You’ll lie on a motorized table that slides into the MRI machine.
    • A cushion may be placed under your abdomen for comfort.
  2. Scanning Without Contrast:
    • Initial images are captured to establish a baseline of the mesenteric arteries.
    • You’ll hear loud thumping or buzzing noises as the machine operates.
  3. Contrast Injection (if required):
    • A gadolinium-based contrast agent may be injected into a vein in your arm to enhance blood vessel visibility.
    • You might feel a cool sensation during the injection.
  4. Scanning With Contrast:
    • Additional images are taken to provide detailed views of the mesenteric arteries and blood flow patterns.
    • You may be asked to hold your breath briefly during certain parts of the scan.

The procedure typically lasts 30–60 minutes.

After the Procedure:

  • If contrast was used, drink plenty of fluids to help flush it out of your system.
  • Resume normal activities immediately unless otherwise instructed.
  • Side effects from the contrast material are rare, but contact your doctor if you experience symptoms like rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

What the Results May Show:

  • Normal Results: Healthy mesenteric arteries with no narrowing, blockages, or abnormalities.
  • Abnormal Results:
    • Mesenteric Ischemia: Reduced blood flow to the intestines due to narrowing or blockages.
    • Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup in the arteries, causing restricted blood flow.
    • Aneurysms: Bulging or weakened areas in the artery wall, which may rupture if untreated.
    • Thrombosis or Emboli: Blood clots or obstructions in the mesenteric arteries.
    • Vasculitis: Inflammation of the arteries, leading to narrowing or damage.
    • Congenital Abnormalities: Structural issues affecting blood flow.

Advantages of MRA for Mesenteric Arteries:

  • Non-invasive: No need for catheters or surgical procedures.
  • Radiation-free: Unlike CT angiography, it does not use ionizing radiation.
  • Detailed Imaging: Provides high-resolution images of blood vessels and blood flow.

Your doctor will review the results to determine the cause of your symptoms and decide on the next steps. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgical interventions such as angioplasty or stenting if significant blockages or abnormalities are detected. Early diagnosis is crucial for conditions like mesenteric ischemia, which can be life-threatening if untreated.